Describe The Salient Features Of The Sri Lankan Constitution Of 1978
The Sri Lankan Constitution of 1978 is the supreme law of Sri Lanka, and it outlines the structure and powers of the government, the rights and duties of citizens, and the relationship between the state and the people. Here are some of the salient features of the 1978 Constitution:
The presidential system of government: The 1978 Constitution established a presidential system of government in Sri Lanka, with a directly elected President serving as the head of state and government. The President has executive powers, including the power to appoint ministers, issue regulations and proclamations, and declare a state of emergency.
Bicameral parliament: The 1978 Constitution also established a bicameral parliament, consisting of a 225-member House of Representatives and a 56-member Senate. Members of the House of Representatives are elected by universal suffrage, while members of the Senate are appointed by the President. The parliament has the power to make laws, approve the national budget, and impeach the President or other high officials.
Separation of powers: The 1978 Constitution established a system of separation of powers, with the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government being separate and independent. This is intended to ensure checks and balances on the exercise of power and to prevent abuses of power.
Bill of Rights: The 1978 Constitution includes a Bill of Rights, which guarantees certain fundamental rights and freedoms to all citizens. These rights include the right to life, liberty, and security of person; the right to freedom of expression, assembly, and association; the right to equality before the law; and the right to the protection of the law.
Official languages: The 1978 Constitution recognizes two official languages in Sri Lanka: Sinhala and Tamil. Both languages are used in official business, and citizens have the right to use either language in court proceedings.
Amendment process: The 1978 Constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of parliament, followed by a national referendum. This process is intended to ensure that any changes to the Constitution are made with the broad support of the people.
The Sri Lankan Constitution of 1978 is a comprehensive document that sets out the structure and powers of the government, the rights and duties of citizens, and the relationship between the state and the people. It has played a crucial role in shaping the political and legal landscape of Sri Lanka, and it continues to be an important reference point for the country’s governance and development.
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